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The Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus,〔Erik Jan Zürcher, ''The Unionist factor: the rôle of the Committee of Union and Progress in the Turkish national movement, 1905-1926'', Brill, 1984, ISBN 978-90-04-07262-6, (p. 90. )〕 Provisional National Government of South West Caucasia (Modern Turkish: ''Güneybatı Kafkas Geçici Milli Hükûmeti''; Ottoman Turkish: ''Cenub-ı Garbi Kafkas Hükûmet-i Muvakkate-i Milliyesi'' 〔Mustafa Budak, ''İdealden Gerçeğe: Misâk-ı Millî'den Lozan'a Dış Politika'', Küre Yayınları, ISBN 975-6614-05-6, pp. 31-32.〕 (アゼルバイジャン語:Cənub-Qərbi Qafqaz Cümhuriyyəti)) or Kars Republic was a short-lived nominally-independent provisional government based in Kars, northeastern Turkey. Born in the wake of the Armistice of Mudros that ended World War I in the Middle East, it existed from December 1, 1918 until April 19, 1919, when it was abolished by British High Commissioner Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe. Some historians consider it to have been a puppet state of the Ottoman Empire. The government, headed by Fakhr al-Din Pirioghlu, considered its territory to be the predominantly Muslim-inhabited regions of Kars and Batum, parts of Yerevan province and the Akhaltsikhe and Akhalkalaki districts of Tiflis province. In practical terms, however, the government was confined to Kars province and existed alongside the British governorship created during the Entente's intervention in Transcaucasia.〔(Caucasian Knot ) (Moscow-based news agency)〕 == Background == Under the terms of the Armistice of Mudros signed on 30 October 1918, the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire were required to withdraw from all territory belonging to Russia in the Caucasus and return to the west of the pre-war border with Russia. By 4 December 1918, Ottoman forces had retired as far as the old pre-1877 frontier with Russia, but delayed leaving Kars Oblast for a further two months. This delay allowed the time to set up a pro-Turkish provisional government to resist the expected incorporation of the historically-Armenian province into the Armenian Republic. "National Islamic Councils" were formed in the main population centers of Kars provinceOltu, Kagizman, Igdir, Sarikamis, Ardahan and Kars itselfas well as settlements in adjoining territories where there were Turkish-speaking or Muslim populations (including Akhalkalaki, Akhaltzikhe and Batumi).〔W.E.D. Allen, P. Muratoff, "Caucasian Battlefields", Cambridge, 1953.〕 The most significant council was the "Kars Islamic Council" established on 5 November 1918. In December, it changed its name to the "National Council", then, in January 1919, to the "Kars National Council", before finally settling on the "Provisional National Government of South-West Caucasia" in March 1919.〔H. Pehlivanli, "The Post Armistice situation on South-West Caucasia" in "Kars and Eastern Anatolia in the Recent History of Turkey", Ankara, 1994.〕 The government claimed authority over all of Kars province together with all Turkish or Muslim-populated areas between Batumi and Nakhchivan. Other than Azerbaijan, this amounted to most of the territory which had been evacuated by the Ottoman army. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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